Understanding Autism: Embracing Neurodiversity with Compassion

Picture yourself in a place where noises seem louder, lights appear brighter, and talking to people feels like tackling a jigsaw puzzle without knowing what the final image should look like. This is what life is like every day for many people with autism. Instead of thinking of autism as something that needs fixing, we should see it as a different, valid way to live life.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate, behave, and process sensory information. The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition) classifies autism with other conditions that impact brain development. It describes autism as ongoing challenges with social interaction and communication, along with limited and repeated patterns in behavior, interests, or activities.

From a psychological standpoint, autism isn't a straightforward condition but a range of experiences. This means that people with autism have different symptoms and abilities. Some kids might have amazing memory skills or be into certain topics, while others might find it hard to talk or be extremely sensitive to their surroundings. The ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases) also lists autism as a spectrum that affects how the brain develops, making it tricky for a person to handle social relationships and their environment.

Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of Autism

Spotting these early indicators can make a significant difference, it gives kids access to help systems that boost communication, brain growth, and fitting in with others. Look for these research-backed early signs:

1.  Social Communication Hurdles

Kids with autism might show early hints of trouble connecting with people around them. These aren't signs of being shy but show how they see and react to social cues.

Common signs include:

a. Little or no eye contact

b. Not answering when called by name

c. Small interest in playing social games (like peek-a-boo)

2.  Repetitive Behaviors

Many autistic kids create patterns of behavior they repeat and need strong routines. These actions can calm them and offer a sense of knowing what's next in a world that often feels like too much.

Examples include:

·         Repeated movements like flapping hands, rocking or turning objects.

·         Demanding to eat the same food, take the same path, or wear the same clothes.

·         Getting upset by minor changes in their day or surroundings.

3.  Sensory Sensitivities

Kids with autism often sense the world more. They might react weakly to noises, lights, feels, or smells. Research in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders shows that 69–95% of autistic kids have these sensory differences. You might see:

·         Hands over ears when it's noisy.

·         Fussiness about certain clothes or food feels

·         Love for lights, spinning things, or patterns.

4.  Special Ways to Communicate

Kids might start talking late or talk in their own way. Some kids talk later, while others use unique methods—like saying words again or using pictures and hand signs. Look out for:

·         Repeating phrases (echolalia)

·         Trouble starting or keeping up chats.

·         Using hand signs or pictures to ask for things

5.  Strong Interests

Autistic kids often get into specific topics. These interests can start young and sometimes turn into amazing skills with support. Common interests include:

·         Trains, animals, maps, numbers, or machines

·         Gathering and sorting stuff

·         Chatting a lot about a favorite topic

Did You Know? In India, about 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to recent studies published in Indian Pediatrics (2024).

That means over 18 million people across the country are on the autism spectrum—making autism one of the most common developmental disorders in India. Yet, despite the growing numbers, awareness, early screening, and access to inclusive support remain limited in many regions.

Autism is Not a Disability—It’s a Different Ability

The traditional narrative of autism as a disorder that needs to be "fixed" is shifting. Instead, many psychologists and autistic self-advocates approach autism through a more compassionate and empowering lens- neurodiversity. Autism is a natural variety in how people think, feel, and perceive the world, not a defect that needs to be fixed. Through various approaches to problem-solving and thought processes, neurodiversity strengthens society in the same way that biodiversity strengthens nature. Even though autistic people may have diverse ways of communicating and learning, it doesn't make them less. Many possess extraordinary abilities in pattern recognition, inventiveness, and concentration. They require acceptance, understanding, and support rather than correction. Being inclusive is making genuine efforts to establish environments where everyone may prosper, whether at work, school or in the community.

Did you know? Famous individuals believed to be on the autism spectrum include Albert Einstein, Sir Isaac Newton, and Temple Grandin—all of whom made significant contributions to science and society.

FUN FACTS

Busting Myths About Autism

·         People with autism lack empathy. Not true. A whole number of autistic people feel a lot of things, it's just that they might exhibit them differently.

·         Every autistic individual has an intellectual disability. Not really. Autism is accepted to be one of the broadest spectrums out there. Each individual is different!

Cinematic Spotlight:

·         Extraordinary Attorney Woo (K-Drama)

·         Atypical (Netflix series)

·         The Good Doctor (Netflix series)

And many more, like Taare Zameen Par, Barfi, Rain Man, Haridas (Tamil), etc., have tried meaningfully to portray neurodivergent people.

Creating an Inclusive World for Autistic Individuals

To form a positive environment, it is vital to assist autistic individuals at school, work, and in the community. Spread autism awareness through schools, media, and community programs so that myths can be dispelled and acceptance promoted.

·         Schools - Create Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) based on the unique strengths and learning style patterns of each autistic student. Use calming pictures and sequences.

·   Workplaces - Promote neurodiverse hiring and offer flexible jobs, quiet areas, and transparent communication. Encourage team training on neurodiversity to build understanding and empathy.

✈️💙 Feel-Good Fact: Bengaluru Airport Supports Neurodiversity!

Kempegowda International Airport (Bengaluru) has introduced a dedicated Sensory Room—a first-of-its-kind initiative in India aimed at creating a stress-free environment for neurodivergent travelers, including individuals with autism. The Sensory Room at Kempegowda International Airport Bengaluru is located in Terminal 2, near the 080 International Lounge on Level 4.

Coping Mechanisms for Parents and Children

💛 Emotional Support for Children

Autistic children work best when they feel safe, understood, and accepted as they are. Providing love and allowing them to be themselves is the first step in building a nurturing environment. Encourage their passions, whether it’s trains, animals, or numbers because these special interests aid in developing self-esteem and joy. Consistent routines, calm safe spaces, and visual supports such as storyboards or emotion charts can help ease anxiety and assist with emotional regulation. Teaching simple coping skills such as deep breathing, squeezing a stress ball, or naming feelings gives them an element of control over overwhelming times. Above all, reassure them that what they are feeling is real and valid.

💛 Emotional Support for Parents

Raising a child with autism comes with unique joys and challenges, and parents need to take care of their emotional well-being, too. Connecting with others through support groups or online forums can provide comfort, shared experiences, and a sense of community. Just as importantly, practicing self-care, whether it’s a quiet moment alone, pursuing a hobby, or speaking to a therapist, helps prevent burnout and keeps you emotionally strong. Learning from trusted experts can help quell anxiety and empower your decision-making and parenting techniques. Simple things like taking a 10-minute walk, deep breathing, writing in a journal, or even just enjoying a cup of tea in peace can work wonders to help restore your energy and perspective.

Taking care of yourself is not a luxury; it’s a necessity!

A Path Forward: From Awareness to Advocacy

Autism is not a limitation; autism is a way of life. Understanding autism is more than just being aware of the signs — it’s about cultivating an environment that includes and appreciates neurodiversity. Schools, workplaces, and communities should be as inclusive and supportive as possible. Through raising awareness, demanding better policies, and listening to those in the autistic community, we can move from exclusion to acceptance. Each person on the spectrum brings unique strengths and perspectives that enrich our world. Society should conform to its members, not the other way around. A world in which those on the spectrum have support is a world that becomes more patient and empowering for everyone.

This month of April, as we reflect on Autism Awareness Month, let’s shift our focus from awareness-centered towards acceptance, integration, and appreciation. Every autistic individual deserves to be seen, heard, and valued—not just this month but every day!